Ayahs 30–36 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Mutaffifin — Part 5 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 30
وَإِذَا مَرُّوا۟ بِهِمْ يَتَغَامَزُونَ
Sentence structure
إِذَا introduces a non-jussive condition. مَرُّوا۟ is its condition, يَتَغَامَزُونَ its response, and بِهِمْ is linked to the condition verb.
Ayah summary
When passing the believers, they winked at one another in mockery.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb.
مَرُّوا۟ — they passed
Grammar: A masculine-plural perfect condition verb. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
بِهِمْ — by them
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to مَرُّوا۟.
يَتَغَامَزُونَ — they winked at one another
Grammar: A Form VI masculine-plural imperfect serving as the non-jussive conditional response. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
2. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 31
وَإِذَا ٱنقَلَبُوٓا۟ إِلَىٰٓ أَهْلِهِمُ ٱنقَلَبُوا۟ فَكِهِينَ
Sentence structure
A second coordinated إِذَا condition has ٱنقَلَبُوٓا۟ as its condition and the repeated ٱنقَلَبُوا۟ as its response. فَكِهِينَ is an accusative circumstance of the response's subject.
Ayah summary
Returning to their homes, they joked about the Muslims and boasted of their own condition.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb.
ٱنقَلَبُوٓا۟ — they returned
Grammar: A Form VII masculine-plural perfect condition verb. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
إِلَىٰٓ — to
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
أَهْلِهِمُ — their people
Grammar: A genitive noun governed by إِلَىٰٓ; attached هِمُ is its genitive possessor.
ٱنقَلَبُوا۟ — they would return
Grammar: A Form VII masculine-plural perfect serving as the non-jussive conditional response. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
فَكِهِينَ — jesting
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural accusative noun functioning as a circumstance of the response's subject, marked by yā; final nūn is nominal.
3. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 32
وَإِذَا رَأَوْهُمْ قَالُوٓا۟ إِنَّ هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ لَضَآلُّونَ
Sentence structure
In this coordinated condition, رَأَوْهُمْ is the condition and قَالُوٓا۟ the response. The quoted إِنَّ clause is the object of saying: هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ is its noun and لَضَآلُّونَ its emphatic predicate.
Ayah summary
When they saw the believers, they declared them misguided.
وَإِذَا — And when
Grammar: وَ coordinates the clause; إِذَا is a future non-jussive conditional time adverb.
رَأَوْهُمْ — they saw them
Grammar: A masculine-plural perfect condition verb. Attached و is the subject and هُمْ the object.
قَالُوٓا۟ — they said
Grammar: A masculine-plural perfect serving as the non-jussive conditional response. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An accusative and emphatic particle introducing the reported clause. هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ is its accusative noun and لَضَآلُّونَ its emphatic predicate; the complete clause is the reported content of قَالُوٓا۟.
هَـٰٓؤُلَآءِ — these
Grammar: A plural demonstrative functioning as the accusative noun of إِنَّ.
لَضَآلُّونَ — surely have gone astray
Grammar: لَ is the displaced emphatic lām. ضَآلُّونَ is a masculine-plural active participle and the nominative predicate of إِنَّ, marked by wāw; final nūn is nominal.
4. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 33
وَمَآ أُرْسِلُوا۟ عَلَيْهِمْ حَـٰفِظِينَ
Sentence structure
مَآ negates passive أُرْسِلُوا۟; its attached wāw is the deputy subject. عَلَيْهِمْ is linked to the verb, and حَـٰفِظِينَ is an accusative circumstance of the deputy subject.
Ayah summary
Yet they had not been sent as guardians over the believers.
وَمَآ — But not
Grammar: وَ coordinates/resumes and مَآ is a non-governing negative particle.
أُرْسِلُوا۟ — they had been sent
Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural passive perfect. Attached و is the deputy subject and the final alif is orthographic.
عَلَيْهِمْ — over them
Grammar: عَلَى is a preposition and attached هِمْ its genitive pronoun; the phrase is linked to أُرْسِلُوا۟.
حَـٰفِظِينَ — (as) guardians
Grammar: An indefinite masculine-plural active participle functioning as an accusative circumstance of the deputy subject, marked by yā; final nūn is nominal.
5. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 34
فَٱلْيَوْمَ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ مِنَ ٱلْكُفَّارِ يَضْحَكُونَ
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِينَ is the nominative topic and ءَامَنُوا۟ its relative clause. يَضْحَكُونَ is the predicate; فَٱلْيَوْمَ and مِنَ ٱلْكُفَّارِ are linked to it.
Ayah summary
On the Day of Resurrection, the believers will laugh at the fate of the deniers.
فَٱلْيَوْمَ — So today
Grammar: فَ is resumptive and ٱلْيَوْمَ an accusative time adverb linked to يَضْحَكُونَ.
ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun functioning as the nominative topic; its relative clause follows.
ءَامَنُوا۟ — believed
Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural perfect forming the relative clause. Attached و is the subject and the final alif is orthographic.
مِنَ — at
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
ٱلْكُفَّارِ — the disbelievers
Grammar: A definite genitive plural noun governed by مِنَ; the phrase is linked to يَضْحَكُونَ.
يَضْحَكُونَ — they will laugh
Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect functioning as the predicate of ٱلَّذِينَ. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.
6. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 35
عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ يَنظُرُونَ
Sentence structure
عَلَى ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ situates the believers and can be read with the preceding laughter or with يَنظُرُونَ. The imperfect verb has attached wāw as subject and final nūn as the indicative marker.
Ayah summary
Seated upon couches, they will observe their own well-being and the deniers’ misery.
عَلَى — On
Grammar: a preposition functioning as the linked complement.
ٱلْأَرَآئِكِ — the thrones
Grammar: A definite genitive plural noun governed by عَلَى. The phrase has more than one recognized attachment.
يَنظُرُونَ — observing
Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative; its clause is circumstantial in the wider passage.
7. Surah Al-Mutaffifin · Ayah 36
هَلْ ثُوِّبَ ٱلْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ
Sentence structure
Interrogative هَلْ introduces passive Form II ثُوِّبَ, whose deputy subject is ٱلْكُفَّارُ. مَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ names what the recompense corresponds to; its exact attachment has recognized alternatives.
Ayah summary
The deniers will be fully repaid for their deeds and their mockery of the believers.
هَلْ — Have (not)
Grammar: An interrogative particle that introduces the question and does not govern case.
ثُوِّبَ — been rewarded
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular passive perfect.
ٱلْكُفَّارُ — the disbelievers
Grammar: A definite nominative plural noun functioning as the deputy subject of ثُوِّبَ.
مَا — (for) what
Grammar: A relative pronoun naming the recompensed acts. It has recognized object, implicit-preposition and verbal-noun analyses; its attachment has more than one recognized reading.
كَانُوا۟ — they used to
Grammar: A deficient masculine-plural perfect in the relative clause. Attached و is its nominative noun and يَفْعَلُونَ its predicate.
يَفْعَلُونَ — do
Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming the predicate of كَانُوا۟. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.