هَلْ ثُوِّبَ ٱلْكُفَّارُ مَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ
Sentence structure
Interrogative هَلْ introduces passive Form II ثُوِّبَ, whose deputy subject is ٱلْكُفَّارُ. مَا كَانُوا۟ يَفْعَلُونَ names what the recompense corresponds to; its exact attachment has recognized alternatives.
Ayah summary
The deniers will be fully repaid for their deeds and their mockery of the believers.
هَلْ — Have (not)
Grammar: An interrogative particle that introduces the question and does not govern case.
ثُوِّبَ — been rewarded
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular passive perfect.
ٱلْكُفَّارُ — the disbelievers
Grammar: A definite nominative plural noun functioning as the deputy subject of ثُوِّبَ.
مَا — (for) what
Grammar: A relative pronoun naming the recompensed acts. It has recognized object, implicit-preposition and verbal-noun analyses; its attachment has more than one recognized reading.
كَانُوا۟ — they used to
Grammar: A deficient masculine-plural perfect in the relative clause. Attached و is its nominative noun and يَفْعَلُونَ its predicate.
يَفْعَلُونَ — do
Grammar: A masculine-plural imperfect forming the predicate of كَانُوا۟. Attached و is the subject and final ن marks the indicative.