Surah Al-Qadr — Part 1

Ayahs 1–5 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Qadr — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 1

إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ فِى لَيْلَةِ ٱلْقَدْرِ ۝١ Sentence structure إِنَّآ opens an emphatic nominal clause. أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ is its verbal predicate: attached نَا is subject and هُ object. فِى لَيْلَةِ ٱلْقَدْرِ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary Allah sent down the Qur'an during the Night of Decree. إِنَّآ — Indeed We Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative particle of emphasis; attached نَا is its noun. أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ — We sent it down Grammar: A Form IV perfect; attached نَا is subject and masculine-singular هُ object. Its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ. فِى — in Grammar: A preposition. This phrase is linked to «أَنزَلْ». لَيْلَةِ — the night Grammar: A feminine genitive noun after فِى, annexed onward. ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of لَيْلَةِ.

2. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 2

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ ۝٢ Sentence structure وَ resumes the discourse and interrogative مَآ is followed by أَدْرَىٰكَ, whose attached كَ is object. The second مَا introduces the question whose predicate is لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ. Ayah summary This question highlights the greatness of the Night of Decree. وَمَآ — And what Grammar: وَ is resumptive and مَآ an interrogative noun. أَدْرَىٰكَ — could make you know Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; attached كَ is object. مَا — what Grammar: An interrogative noun introducing the following nominal clause. لَيْلَةُ — the Night Grammar: A feminine nominative noun, annexed to ٱلْقَدْرِ, functioning as the predicate here. ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of لَيْلَةُ.

3. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 3

لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ ۝٣ Sentence structure لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ is a nominative subject with a genitive complement. خَيْرٌ is its nominative predicate, followed by the comparative phrase مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ. Ayah summary The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months. لَيْلَةُ — The Night Grammar: A feminine nominative subject, annexed onward. ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement. خَيْرٌۭ — better Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative predicate of لَيْلَةُ. مِّنْ — than Grammar: A preposition introducing the comparison. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ». أَلْفِ — a thousand Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after مِنْ, annexed onward. شَهْرٍۢ — months Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of أَلْفِ.

4. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 4

تَنَزَّلُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ ۝٤ Sentence structure تَنَزَّلُ is a Form V imperfect; ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ is its nominative subject and وَٱلرُّوحُ is coordinated with it. The remaining genitive phrases link to the descent. Ayah summary On this night, the angels and the Spirit descend by their Lord's command with every matter. تَنَزَّلُ — descend Grammar: A Form V third-person feminine-singular imperfect; its following broken-plural subject governs feminine-singular agreement. ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ — the angels Grammar: A defined broken-plural nominative subject of تَنَزَّلُ. وَٱلرُّوحُ — and the Spirit Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined masculine nominative noun is coordinated with ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ. فِيهَا — therein Grammar: فِى is a preposition and attached feminine-singular هَا is genitive. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ». بِإِذْنِ — by permission Grammar: بِ is a preposition; إِذْنِ is masculine genitive and annexed onward. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ» through an omitted circumstantial element. رَبِّهِم — their Lord Grammar: A masculine genitive complement; attached plural هِم is possessive. مِّن — for/from Grammar: A preposition introducing the following genitive phrase. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ». كُلِّ — every Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after مِن, annexed onward. أَمْرٍۢ — matter Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of كُلِّ.

5. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 5

سَلَـٰمٌ هِىَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ ٱلْفَجْرِ ۝٥ Sentence structure هِىَ is a feminine-singular subject and سَلَـٰمٌ its fronted nominative predicate. حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ ٱلْفَجْرِ is the limiting genitive phrase. Ayah summary This night is peace until the break of dawn. سَلَـٰمٌ — Peace Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative fronted predicate of هِىَ. هِىَ — it is Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular detached pronoun functioning as subject. حَتَّىٰ — until Grammar: A preposition marking the endpoint and governing the following genitive noun. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «تَنَزَّلُ». مَطْلَعِ — the emergence Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after حَتَّىٰ, annexed onward. ٱلْفَجْرِ — of dawn Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَطْلَعِ.

Practice questions

Question 1

إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ فِى لَيْلَةِ ٱلْقَدْرِ ۝١ What is attached هُ in أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Possessor

Question 2

وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ ۝٢ What is attached كَ in أَدْرَىٰكَ?

  • Subject
  • Object
  • Adjective
  • Genitive complement

Question 3

لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ ۝٣ What is خَيْرٌۭ in the nominal clause?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Nominative predicate
  • Genitive adjective

Question 4

تَنَزَّلُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ ۝٤ What is ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ with تَنَزَّلُ?

  • Object
  • Predicate
  • Genitive noun
  • Nominative subject

Question 5

سَلَـٰمٌ هِىَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ ٱلْفَجْرِ ۝٥ What is سَلَـٰمٌ with هِىَ?

  • Fronted nominative predicate
  • Accusative object
  • Genitive complement
  • Imperative

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