Ayahs 1–5 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Al-Qadr — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 1
إِنَّآ أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ فِى لَيْلَةِ ٱلْقَدْرِ ١
Sentence structure
إِنَّآ opens an emphatic nominal clause. أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ is its verbal predicate: attached نَا is subject and هُ object. فِى لَيْلَةِ ٱلْقَدْرِ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
Allah sent down the Qur'an during the Night of Decree.
إِنَّآ — Indeed We
Grammar: إِنَّ is an accusative particle of emphasis; attached نَا is its noun.
أَنزَلْنَـٰهُ — We sent it down
Grammar: A Form IV perfect; attached نَا is subject and masculine-singular هُ object. Its clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
فِى — in
Grammar: A preposition. This phrase is linked to «أَنزَلْ».
لَيْلَةِ — the night
Grammar: A feminine genitive noun after فِى, annexed onward.
ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of لَيْلَةِ.
2. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 2
وَمَآ أَدْرَىٰكَ مَا لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ ٢
Sentence structure
وَ resumes the discourse and interrogative مَآ is followed by أَدْرَىٰكَ, whose attached كَ is object. The second مَا introduces the question whose predicate is لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ.
Ayah summary
This question highlights the greatness of the Night of Decree.
وَمَآ — And what
Grammar: وَ is resumptive and مَآ an interrogative noun.
أَدْرَىٰكَ — could make you know
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; attached كَ is object.
مَا — what
Grammar: An interrogative noun introducing the following nominal clause.
لَيْلَةُ — the Night
Grammar: A feminine nominative noun, annexed to ٱلْقَدْرِ, functioning as the predicate here.
ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of لَيْلَةُ.
3. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 3
لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ خَيْرٌ مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ ٣
Sentence structure
لَيْلَةُ ٱلْقَدْرِ is a nominative subject with a genitive complement. خَيْرٌ is its nominative predicate, followed by the comparative phrase مِّنْ أَلْفِ شَهْرٍ.
Ayah summary
The Night of Decree is better than a thousand months.
لَيْلَةُ — The Night
Grammar: A feminine nominative subject, annexed onward.
ٱلْقَدْرِ — of Decree
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement.
خَيْرٌۭ — better
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative predicate of لَيْلَةُ.
مِّنْ — than
Grammar: A preposition introducing the comparison. This phrase is linked to «خَيْرٌ».
أَلْفِ — a thousand
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after مِنْ, annexed onward.
شَهْرٍۢ — months
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of أَلْفِ.
4. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 4
تَنَزَّلُ ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ وَٱلرُّوحُ فِيهَا بِإِذْنِ رَبِّهِم مِّن كُلِّ أَمْرٍ ٤
Sentence structure
تَنَزَّلُ is a Form V imperfect; ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ is its nominative subject and وَٱلرُّوحُ is coordinated with it. The remaining genitive phrases link to the descent.
Ayah summary
On this night, the angels and the Spirit descend by their Lord's command with every matter.
تَنَزَّلُ — descend
Grammar: A Form V third-person feminine-singular imperfect; its following broken-plural subject governs feminine-singular agreement.
ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ — the angels
Grammar: A defined broken-plural nominative subject of تَنَزَّلُ.
وَٱلرُّوحُ — and the Spirit
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the defined masculine nominative noun is coordinated with ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ.
فِيهَا — therein
Grammar: فِى is a preposition and attached feminine-singular هَا is genitive. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ».
بِإِذْنِ — by permission
Grammar: بِ is a preposition; إِذْنِ is masculine genitive and annexed onward. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ» through an omitted circumstantial element.
رَبِّهِم — their Lord
Grammar: A masculine genitive complement; attached plural هِم is possessive.
مِّن — for/from
Grammar: A preposition introducing the following genitive phrase. This phrase is linked to «تَنَزَّلُ».
كُلِّ — every
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after مِن, annexed onward.
أَمْرٍۢ — matter
Grammar: An indefinite masculine genitive complement of كُلِّ.
5. Surah Al-Qadr · Ayah 5
سَلَـٰمٌ هِىَ حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ ٱلْفَجْرِ ٥
Sentence structure
هِىَ is a feminine-singular subject and سَلَـٰمٌ its fronted nominative predicate. حَتَّىٰ مَطْلَعِ ٱلْفَجْرِ is the limiting genitive phrase.
Ayah summary
This night is peace until the break of dawn.
سَلَـٰمٌ — Peace
Grammar: An indefinite masculine nominative fronted predicate of هِىَ.
هِىَ — it is
Grammar: A third-person feminine-singular detached pronoun functioning as subject.
حَتَّىٰ — until
Grammar: A preposition marking the endpoint and governing the following genitive noun. This phrase is linked across the ayah boundary to «تَنَزَّلُ».
مَطْلَعِ — the emergence
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after حَتَّىٰ, annexed onward.
ٱلْفَجْرِ — of dawn
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَطْلَعِ.