Ayahs 9–16 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Naba — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 9
وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا
Sentence structure
وَجَعَلْنَا begins a coordinated verbal clause. نَوْمَكُمْ is its first object and سُبَاتًا its second object: sleep was appointed as rest and cessation from activity.
وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a first-person plural perfect verb, and attached نَا its subject.
نَوْمَكُمْ — your sleep
Grammar: نَوْمَ is an accusative verbal noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا. The attached كُمْ is a second-person masculine plural possessive pronoun in the genitive position.
سُبَاتًۭا — a rest / cessation
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.
2. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 10
وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا
Sentence structure
The coordinated clause repeats the pattern of two objects. ٱلَّيْلَ is the first object and لِبَاسًا the second: the night was made a covering.
وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made
Grammar: The prefixed وَ coordinates the clause; جَعَلْ is a perfect verb and attached نَا its first-person plural subject.
ٱلَّيْلَ — the night
Grammar: A definite masculine accusative noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا.
لِبَاسًۭا — a covering
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.
3. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 11
وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلنَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا
Sentence structure
This coordinated clause completes the contrast with night. ٱلنَّهَارَ is the first object and مَعَاشًا the second: daytime was made a time and means of livelihood.
وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a perfect verb, and attached نَا its first-person plural subject.
ٱلنَّهَارَ — the daytime
Grammar: A definite masculine accusative noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا.
مَعَاشًۭا — a time of livelihood
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.
4. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 12
وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا
Sentence structure
وَبَنَيْنَا is the verb with its attached subject. فَوْقَكُمْ specifies place, سَبْعًا is the object with the understood referent “seven heavens,” and شِدَادًا directly follows it as its adjective.
وَبَنَيْنَا — and We built
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, بَنَيْ a first-person plural perfect verb, and attached نَا its subject.
فَوْقَكُمْ — above you
Grammar: فَوْقَ is an accusative adverb of place and is annexed to the attached second-person masculine plural pronoun كُمْ in the genitive position.
سَبْعًۭا — seven
Grammar: An indefinite masculine numeral in the accusative and the object of بَنَيْنَا, with the understood referent “seven heavens.”
شِدَادًۭا — strong
Grammar: An indefinite plural accusative adjective directly describing سَبْعًا.
5. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 13
وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا
Sentence structure
وَجَعَلْنَا is a coordinated verbal clause. سِرَاجًا is its object and وَهَّاجًا is an adjective describing the lamp as intensely radiant.
وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a perfect verb, and attached نَا its first-person plural subject.
سِرَاجًۭا — a lamp
Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative noun and the object of جَعَلْنَا.
وَهَّاجًۭا — intensely radiant
Grammar: An intensive-form masculine singular adjective, indefinite and accusative, describing سِرَاجًا.
6. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 14
وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجًا
Sentence structure
وَأَنزَلْنَا is the verb with its attached subject. مِنَ ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ is linked to the verb, مَآءً is its object, and ثَجَّاجًا describes the water as pouring abundantly.
وَأَنزَلْنَا — and We sent down
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. أَنزَلْ is a form IV perfect verb and attached نَا its first-person plural subject.
مِنَ — from
Grammar: A preposition linked to أَنزَلْنَا; its final fatḥah eases joining before hamzat al-waṣl.
ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ — the rain-bearing clouds
Grammar: A definite feminine plural active participle of form IV, made genitive by مِنَ.
مَآءًۭ — water
Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative noun and the object of أَنزَلْنَا.
ثَجَّاجًۭا — pouring abundantly
Grammar: An intensive-form masculine singular adjective, indefinite and accusative, describing مَآءً.
7. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 15
لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِۦ حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا
Sentence structure
The purpose clause explains why the water was sent down. لِّنُخْرِجَ expresses purpose, بِهِۦ is linked to the verb, حَبًّا is its object, and وَنَبَاتًا is coordinated with that object.
لِّنُخْرِجَ — so that We bring forth
Grammar: لِ is the lām of purpose. نُخْرِجَ is a form IV, first-person plural imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood, with understood subject نَحْنُ.
بِهِۦ — by means of it
Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦ a third-person masculine singular pronoun in the genitive position, referring to the water. The phrase is linked to نُخْرِجَ.
حَبًّۭا — grain
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of نُخْرِجَ.
وَنَبَاتًۭا — and vegetation
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. نَبَاتًا is an indefinite accusative noun coordinated with حَبًّا.
8. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 16
وَجَنَّـٰتٍ أَلْفَافًا
Sentence structure
This phrase continues the objects brought forth by the water. وَجَنَّـٰتٍ is coordinated with حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا in the preceding ayah, and أَلْفَافًا describes the gardens as dense and intertwined.
وَجَنَّـٰتٍ — and gardens
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. جَنَّـٰتٍ is an indefinite sound feminine plural, coordinated as an object of نُخْرِجَ. It is accusative, with kasrah serving as the accusative marker for a sound feminine plural.
أَلْفَافًا — dense and intertwined
Grammar: An indefinite feminine-plural adjective in the accusative, describing جَنَّـٰتٍ.