Surah An-Naba — Part 2

Ayahs 9–16 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah An-Naba — Part 2 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 9

وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا Sentence structure وَجَعَلْنَا begins a coordinated verbal clause. نَوْمَكُمْ is its first object and سُبَاتًا its second object: sleep was appointed as rest and cessation from activity. وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a first-person plural perfect verb, and attached نَا its subject. نَوْمَكُمْ — your sleep Grammar: نَوْمَ is an accusative verbal noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا. The attached كُمْ is a second-person masculine plural possessive pronoun in the genitive position. سُبَاتًۭا — a rest / cessation Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.

2. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 10

وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا Sentence structure The coordinated clause repeats the pattern of two objects. ٱلَّيْلَ is the first object and لِبَاسًا the second: the night was made a covering. وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made Grammar: The prefixed وَ coordinates the clause; جَعَلْ is a perfect verb and attached نَا its first-person plural subject. ٱلَّيْلَ — the night Grammar: A definite masculine accusative noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا. لِبَاسًۭا — a covering Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.

3. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 11

وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلنَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا Sentence structure This coordinated clause completes the contrast with night. ٱلنَّهَارَ is the first object and مَعَاشًا the second: daytime was made a time and means of livelihood. وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a perfect verb, and attached نَا its first-person plural subject. ٱلنَّهَارَ — the daytime Grammar: A definite masculine accusative noun and the first object of جَعَلْنَا. مَعَاشًۭا — a time of livelihood Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of جَعَلْنَا.

4. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 12

وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا Sentence structure وَبَنَيْنَا is the verb with its attached subject. فَوْقَكُمْ specifies place, سَبْعًا is the object with the understood referent “seven heavens,” and شِدَادًا directly follows it as its adjective. وَبَنَيْنَا — and We built Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, بَنَيْ a first-person plural perfect verb, and attached نَا its subject. فَوْقَكُمْ — above you Grammar: فَوْقَ is an accusative adverb of place and is annexed to the attached second-person masculine plural pronoun كُمْ in the genitive position. سَبْعًۭا — seven Grammar: An indefinite masculine numeral in the accusative and the object of بَنَيْنَا, with the understood referent “seven heavens.” شِدَادًۭا — strong Grammar: An indefinite plural accusative adjective directly describing سَبْعًا.

5. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 13

وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا Sentence structure وَجَعَلْنَا is a coordinated verbal clause. سِرَاجًا is its object and وَهَّاجًا is an adjective describing the lamp as intensely radiant. وَجَعَلْنَا — and We made Grammar: وَ is a conjunction, جَعَلْ a perfect verb, and attached نَا its first-person plural subject. سِرَاجًۭا — a lamp Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative noun and the object of جَعَلْنَا. وَهَّاجًۭا — intensely radiant Grammar: An intensive-form masculine singular adjective, indefinite and accusative, describing سِرَاجًا.

6. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 14

وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجًا Sentence structure وَأَنزَلْنَا is the verb with its attached subject. مِنَ ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ is linked to the verb, مَآءً is its object, and ثَجَّاجًا describes the water as pouring abundantly. وَأَنزَلْنَا — and We sent down Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. أَنزَلْ is a form IV perfect verb and attached نَا its first-person plural subject. مِنَ — from Grammar: A preposition linked to أَنزَلْنَا; its final fatḥah eases joining before hamzat al-waṣl. ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ — the rain-bearing clouds Grammar: A definite feminine plural active participle of form IV, made genitive by مِنَ. مَآءًۭ — water Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative noun and the object of أَنزَلْنَا. ثَجَّاجًۭا — pouring abundantly Grammar: An intensive-form masculine singular adjective, indefinite and accusative, describing مَآءً.

7. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 15

لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِۦ حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا Sentence structure The purpose clause explains why the water was sent down. لِّنُخْرِجَ expresses purpose, بِهِۦ is linked to the verb, حَبًّا is its object, and وَنَبَاتًا is coordinated with that object. لِّنُخْرِجَ — so that We bring forth Grammar: لِ is the lām of purpose. نُخْرِجَ is a form IV, first-person plural imperfect verb in the subjunctive mood, with understood subject نَحْنُ. بِهِۦ — by means of it Grammar: بِ is a preposition and attached هِۦ a third-person masculine singular pronoun in the genitive position, referring to the water. The phrase is linked to نُخْرِجَ. حَبًّۭا — grain Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of نُخْرِجَ. وَنَبَاتًۭا — and vegetation Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. نَبَاتًا is an indefinite accusative noun coordinated with حَبًّا.

8. Surah An-Naba · Ayah 16

وَجَنَّـٰتٍ أَلْفَافًا Sentence structure This phrase continues the objects brought forth by the water. وَجَنَّـٰتٍ is coordinated with حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا in the preceding ayah, and أَلْفَافًا describes the gardens as dense and intertwined. وَجَنَّـٰتٍ — and gardens Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. جَنَّـٰتٍ is an indefinite sound feminine plural, coordinated as an object of نُخْرِجَ. It is accusative, with kasrah serving as the accusative marker for a sound feminine plural. أَلْفَافًا — dense and intertwined Grammar: An indefinite feminine-plural adjective in the accusative, describing جَنَّـٰتٍ.

Practice questions

Question 1

وَجَعَلْنَا نَوْمَكُمْ سُبَاتًا ۝٩ What are the grammatical roles of نَوْمَكُمْ and سُبَاتًا?

  • Subject and adjective
  • First object and second object
  • Two subjects
  • Genitive noun and adverb

Question 2

وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلَّيْلَ لِبَاسًا ۝١٠ وَجَعَلْنَا ٱلنَّهَارَ مَعَاشًا ۝١١ Which words are the corresponding second objects of جَعَلْنَا?

  • ٱلَّيْلَ، ٱلنَّهَارَ
  • لِبَاسًا، مَعَاشًا
  • وَجَعَلْنَا، ٱلَّيْلَ
  • There are no second objects

Question 3

وَبَنَيْنَا فَوْقَكُمْ سَبْعًا شِدَادًا ۝١٢ Which analysis of فَوْقَكُمْ is correct?

  • An adverb of place annexed to كُمْ
  • The subject of بَنَيْنَا
  • An adjective of سَبْعًا
  • A negative particle

Question 4

وَجَعَلْنَا سِرَاجًا وَهَّاجًا ۝١٣ وَأَنزَلْنَا مِنَ ٱلْمُعْصِرَٰتِ مَآءً ثَجَّاجًا ۝١٤ What shared grammatical role do وَهَّاجًا and ثَجَّاجًا have?

  • Both are accusative adjectives
  • Both are subjects
  • Both are prepositions
  • Both are jussive verbs

Question 5

لِّنُخْرِجَ بِهِۦ حَبًّا وَنَبَاتًا ۝١٥ وَجَنَّـٰتٍ أَلْفَافًا ۝١٦ Why is جَنَّـٰتٍ accusative even though its visible ending has a kasrah?

  • Because it is a sound feminine plural, whose accusative marker is kasrah
  • Because every noun after وَ is genitive
  • Because it is the subject
  • Because أَلْفَافًا is a preposition

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