إِنَّآ أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ عَذَابًا قَرِيبًا يَوْمَ يَنظُرُ ٱلْمَرْءُ مَا قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ وَيَقُولُ ٱلْكَافِرُ يَـٰلَيْتَنِى كُنتُ تُرَٰبًۢا
Sentence structure
The emphatic clause warns of a near punishment. On that Day each person sees what his two hands sent ahead, while the disbeliever voices the wish that he had been dust.
إِنَّآ — indeed We
Grammar: إِنَّ is a particle of emphasis and نصب. The attached first-person plural pronoun نَا is its subject.
أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ — We have warned you
Grammar: أَنذَرْ is a form IV perfect verb. نَا is its first-person plural subject and كُمْ its second-person masculine plural object. The verbal clause is the predicate of إِنَّ.
عَذَابًۭا — of a punishment
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the second object of أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ.
قَرِيبًۭا — near
Grammar: An indefinite masculine singular accusative adjective describing عَذَابًا.
يَوْمَ — the Day when
Grammar: An accusative adverb of time linked to أَنذَرْنَـٰكُمْ. The following verbal clause specifies the Day.
يَنظُرُ — will see
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلْمَرْءُ — the person
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun and the subject of يَنظُرُ.
مَا — what
Grammar: An invariable relative pronoun functioning as the object of يَنظُرُ. Its relative clause is قَدَّمَتْ يَدَاهُ.
قَدَّمَتْ — sent forth
Grammar: A form II, third-person feminine singular perfect verb. The feminine singular form precedes its explicit dual subject يَدَاهُ.
يَدَاهُ — his two hands
Grammar: يَدَا is a feminine dual nominative noun and the subject of قَدَّمَتْ. The attached هُ is a possessive pronoun in the genitive position.
وَيَقُولُ — and will say
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. يَقُولُ is a third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلْكَافِرُ — the disbeliever
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative active participle and the subject of يَقُولُ.
يَـٰلَيْتَنِى — O, I wish that I
Grammar: يَا introduces the cry. لَيْتَ is a particle expressing an unattainable wish, and نِي is its first-person singular subject pronoun.
كُنتُ — I were
Grammar: A first-person singular perfect ناقص verb from كَانَ. The attached تُ is its subject.
تُرَٰبًۢا — dust
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the predicate of كُنتُ.