وَنَفْسٍۢ وَمَا سَوَّىٰهَا
Sentence structure
وَنَفْسٍ is an indefinite genitive oath noun. وَمَا coordinates a relative noun; سَوَّىٰهَا is its Form II relative clause with understood subject and attached object هَا.
Ayah summary
And by the soul and the balance given to it.
وَنَفْسٍۢ — And (the) soul
Grammar: وَ coordinates/oath-links; نَفْسٍ is an indefinite feminine-singular genitive noun.
وَمَا — and (He) Who
Grammar: وَ coordinates and مَا is a relative noun.
سَوَّىٰهَا — proportioned it
Grammar: A Form II third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject and attached object هَا, forming the relative clause.