Ayahs 1–8 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Ash-Sharh — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.
Lesson
1. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 1
أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ ١
Sentence structure
أَ is interrogative and لَمْ negates and makes نَشْرَحْ jussive. Its subject is نَحْنُ; صَدْرَكَ is the object and لَكَ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
Allah expanded your breast, O Prophet ﷺ, for knowledge and the responsibility of prophethood.
أَلَمْ — Have We not
Grammar: أَ is interrogative; لَمْ negates and makes the following imperfect jussive.
نَشْرَحْ — We expanded
Grammar: A first-person-plural jussive imperfect with understood subject نَحْنُ.
لَكَ — for you
Grammar: لِ is a preposition and كَ a masculine-singular genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «نَشْرَحْ».
صَدْرَكَ — your breast
Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is its possessor.
2. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 2
وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ ٢
Sentence structure
وَوَضَعْنَا is a coordinated perfect; attached نَا is its subject. وِزْرَكَ is the object and عَنكَ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
And Allah removed the heavy burden from you, O Prophet ﷺ.
وَوَضَعْنَا — And We removed
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the perfect has attached first-person-plural subject نَا.
عَنكَ — from you
Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition and كَ a genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «وَضَعْ».
وِزْرَكَ — your burden
Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.
3. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 3
ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ ٣
Sentence structure
ٱلَّذِىٓ describes وِزْرَكَ. أَنقَضَ forms its relative clause with understood subject هُوَ, and ظَهْرَكَ is the object.
Ayah summary
That burden had weighed heavily upon your back, O Prophet ﷺ.
ٱلَّذِىٓ — which
Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing وِزْرَكَ.
أَنقَضَ — weighed upon
Grammar: A Form IV perfect in the relative clause with understood subject هُوَ.
ظَهْرَكَ — your back
Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.
4. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 4
وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ ٤
Sentence structure
وَرَفَعْنَا is a coordinated perfect with attached subject نَا. ذِكْرَكَ is its object and لَكَ is linked to the verb.
Ayah summary
And Allah raised your mention, O Prophet ﷺ.
وَرَفَعْنَا — And We raised
Grammar: وَ coordinates; the perfect has attached subject نَا.
لَكَ — for you
Grammar: A prepositional phrase linked to رَفَعْنَا.
ذِكْرَكَ — your mention
Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.
5. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 5
فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٥
Sentence structure
فَ gives the conclusion and إِنَّ emphasizes. مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ is the fronted predicate phrase and يُسْرًا is the accusative noun of إِنَّ.
Ayah summary
Surely with hardship comes ease.
فَإِنَّ — So indeed
Grammar: فَ gives the conclusion and إِنَّ is an emphatic accusative-governing particle.
مَعَ — with
Grammar: An accusative adverb annexed to the following noun.
ٱلْعُسْرِ — the hardship
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَعَ.
يُسْرًا — ease
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.
6. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 6
إِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ٦
Sentence structure
إِنَّ emphasizes the nominal clause. مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ is the fronted predicate phrase and يُسْرًا is its accusative noun.
Ayah summary
Indeed, with hardship there certainly comes ease.
إِنَّ — Indeed
Grammar: An emphatic particle governing an accusative noun and nominative predicate.
مَعَ — with
Grammar: An accusative adverb annexed to the following noun.
ٱلْعُسْرِ — the hardship
Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَعَ.
يُسْرًۭا — ease
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.
7. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 7
فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَٱنصَبْ ٧
Sentence structure
فَإِذَا introduces the time/condition. فَرَغْتَ is a perfect with attached subject تَ; فَٱنصَبْ is the imperative response with understood subject أَنْتَ.
Ayah summary
So when you are free, strive in worship.
فَإِذَا — So when
Grammar: فَ connects and إِذَا introduces a future time/condition.
فَرَغْتَ — you have finished
Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular perfect with attached subject تَ.
فَٱنصَبْ — then strive
Grammar: فَ introduces the response; the imperative has understood subject أَنْتَ.
8. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 8
وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَٱرْغَب ٨
Sentence structure
وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ is a fronted prepositional phrase. فَٱرْغَب is the imperative response with understood subject أَنْتَ.
Ayah summary
And direct your heart and longing to your Lord alone.
وَإِلَىٰ — And to
Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَىٰ is a preposition. This phrase is linked to «ٱرْغَب».
رَبِّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after إِلَىٰ; attached كَ is possessor.
فَٱرْغَب — then desire
Grammar: فَ introduces the response; the imperative has understood subject أَنْتَ.