Surah Ash-Sharh — Part 1

Ayahs 1–8 · word-by-word grammatical analysis Read the bilingual lesson for Surah Ash-Sharh — Part 1 and test your understanding with a focused quiz.

Lesson

1. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 1

أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ ۝١ Sentence structure أَ is interrogative and لَمْ negates and makes نَشْرَحْ jussive. Its subject is نَحْنُ; صَدْرَكَ is the object and لَكَ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary Allah expanded your breast, O Prophet ﷺ, for knowledge and the responsibility of prophethood. أَلَمْ — Have We not Grammar: أَ is interrogative; لَمْ negates and makes the following imperfect jussive. نَشْرَحْ — We expanded Grammar: A first-person-plural jussive imperfect with understood subject نَحْنُ. لَكَ — for you Grammar: لِ is a preposition and كَ a masculine-singular genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «نَشْرَحْ». صَدْرَكَ — your breast Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is its possessor.

2. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 2

وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ ۝٢ Sentence structure وَوَضَعْنَا is a coordinated perfect; attached نَا is its subject. وِزْرَكَ is the object and عَنكَ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary And Allah removed the heavy burden from you, O Prophet ﷺ. وَوَضَعْنَا — And We removed Grammar: وَ coordinates; the perfect has attached first-person-plural subject نَا. عَنكَ — from you Grammar: عَنْ is a preposition and كَ a genitive pronoun. This phrase is linked to «وَضَعْ». وِزْرَكَ — your burden Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.

3. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 3

ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ ۝٣ Sentence structure ٱلَّذِىٓ describes وِزْرَكَ. أَنقَضَ forms its relative clause with understood subject هُوَ, and ظَهْرَكَ is the object. Ayah summary That burden had weighed heavily upon your back, O Prophet ﷺ. ٱلَّذِىٓ — which Grammar: A masculine-singular relative noun describing وِزْرَكَ. أَنقَضَ — weighed upon Grammar: A Form IV perfect in the relative clause with understood subject هُوَ. ظَهْرَكَ — your back Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.

4. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 4

وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ ۝٤ Sentence structure وَرَفَعْنَا is a coordinated perfect with attached subject نَا. ذِكْرَكَ is its object and لَكَ is linked to the verb. Ayah summary And Allah raised your mention, O Prophet ﷺ. وَرَفَعْنَا — And We raised Grammar: وَ coordinates; the perfect has attached subject نَا. لَكَ — for you Grammar: A prepositional phrase linked to رَفَعْنَا. ذِكْرَكَ — your mention Grammar: A masculine accusative object; attached كَ is possessor.

5. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 5

فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ۝٥ Sentence structure فَ gives the conclusion and إِنَّ emphasizes. مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ is the fronted predicate phrase and يُسْرًا is the accusative noun of إِنَّ. Ayah summary Surely with hardship comes ease. فَإِنَّ — So indeed Grammar: فَ gives the conclusion and إِنَّ is an emphatic accusative-governing particle. مَعَ — with Grammar: An accusative adverb annexed to the following noun. ٱلْعُسْرِ — the hardship Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَعَ. يُسْرًا — ease Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.

6. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 6

إِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ۝٦ Sentence structure إِنَّ emphasizes the nominal clause. مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ is the fronted predicate phrase and يُسْرًا is its accusative noun. Ayah summary Indeed, with hardship there certainly comes ease. إِنَّ — Indeed Grammar: An emphatic particle governing an accusative noun and nominative predicate. مَعَ — with Grammar: An accusative adverb annexed to the following noun. ٱلْعُسْرِ — the hardship Grammar: A defined masculine genitive complement of مَعَ. يُسْرًۭا — ease Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun of إِنَّ.

7. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 7

فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَٱنصَبْ ۝٧ Sentence structure فَإِذَا introduces the time/condition. فَرَغْتَ is a perfect with attached subject تَ; فَٱنصَبْ is the imperative response with understood subject أَنْتَ. Ayah summary So when you are free, strive in worship. فَإِذَا — So when Grammar: فَ connects and إِذَا introduces a future time/condition. فَرَغْتَ — you have finished Grammar: A second-person masculine-singular perfect with attached subject تَ. فَٱنصَبْ — then strive Grammar: فَ introduces the response; the imperative has understood subject أَنْتَ.

8. Surah Ash-Sharh · Ayah 8

وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَٱرْغَب ۝٨ Sentence structure وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ is a fronted prepositional phrase. فَٱرْغَب is the imperative response with understood subject أَنْتَ. Ayah summary And direct your heart and longing to your Lord alone. وَإِلَىٰ — And to Grammar: وَ coordinates and إِلَىٰ is a preposition. This phrase is linked to «ٱرْغَب». رَبِّكَ — your Lord Grammar: A masculine genitive noun after إِلَىٰ; attached كَ is possessor. فَٱرْغَب — then desire Grammar: فَ introduces the response; the imperative has understood subject أَنْتَ.

Practice questions

Question 1

أَلَمْ نَشْرَحْ لَكَ صَدْرَكَ ۝١ What makes نَشْرَحْ jussive?

  • Lam
  • Inna
  • Ila
  • Waw

Question 2

وَوَضَعْنَا عَنكَ وِزْرَكَ ۝٢ What is the attached نَا in وَضَعْنَا?

  • Object
  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Genitive pronoun

Question 3

ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنقَضَ ظَهْرَكَ ۝٣ What is ظَهْرَكَ with أَنقَضَ?

  • Subject
  • Predicate
  • Object
  • Adverb

Question 4

وَرَفَعْنَا لَكَ ذِكْرَكَ ۝٤ What is ذِكْرَكَ with رَفَعْنَا?

  • Subject
  • Genitive noun
  • Predicate
  • Object

Question 5

فَإِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ۝٥ What is يُسْرًا in this clause?

  • The accusative noun of Inna
  • The subject
  • A genitive complement
  • A jussive verb

Question 6

إِنَّ مَعَ ٱلْعُسْرِ يُسْرًا ۝٦ What is the case of ٱلْعُسْرِ after مَعَ?

  • Nominative
  • Genitive
  • Accusative object
  • Jussive

Question 7

فَإِذَا فَرَغْتَ فَٱنصَبْ ۝٧ What is the attached تَ in فَرَغْتَ?

  • Object
  • Possessor
  • Subject
  • Predicate

Question 8

وَإِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ فَٱرْغَب ۝٨ What kind of verb is فَٱرْغَب?

  • Perfect
  • Jussive imperfect
  • Passive imperfect
  • Imperative

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