عَلِمَتْ نَفْسٌ مَّآ أَحْضَرَتْ
Sentence structure
This verbal clause is the response to the conditions in ayahs 1–13. نَفْسٌ is the subject, relative مَّآ the object, and أَحْضَرَتْ its relative clause.
Ayah summary
On that day, every person will know what deeds they have brought forward.
عَلِمَتْ — Will know
Grammar: A third-person feminine singular perfect used as the response to the future conditions.
نَفْسٌۭ — a soul
Grammar: nominative noun functioning as the subject.
مَّآ — what
Grammar: A relative pronoun functioning as the direct object of عَلِمَتْ.
أَحْضَرَتْ — it has brought
Grammar: A Form IV third-person feminine singular perfect verb with implicit هِيَ as its subject. It forms the relative clause; its returning object pronoun is omitted.