A hadd is a legally defined penalty governed by its evidentiary framework; taʿzir is a category of discretionary judicial or administrative discipline. The distinction matters in the exile example: a second source might justify a measure without redefining the essential Quranic penalty.
This does not imply that any penal measure can be freely reclassified. The scope, authority, proof, and legal rank of each ruling require independent assessment.
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Absolute and Qualified Expressions: Unrestricted Wording and Added Conditions
A hadd is a legally defined penalty governed by its evidentiary framework; taʿzir is a category of discretionary judicial or administrative discipline. The distinction matters in the exile example: a second source might justify a measure without redefining the essential Quranic penalty.
This does not imply that any penal measure can be freely reclassified. The scope, authority, proof, and legal rank of each ruling require independent assessment.