LessonsLegal Cause, Effective Cause and ConditionQuiz

Outward proxyUnderlying matterRelevant consequenceQualifying sleepPossible unnoticed impurityRenewal of wuduValid seclusionPossibility of marital relationsFull dower and waiting periodQualifying travelVariable hardshipConcessions on prayer and fasting

Each case substitutes an observable criterion for an inward or difficult-to-prove fact. The substitution, however, remains limited to the rulings specified by the juristic rule. Their different prerequisites and legal effects cannot simply be transferred from one example to another.

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Why the three proxy examples share a principle

Legal Cause, Effective Cause and Condition

Outward proxyUnderlying matterRelevant consequenceQualifying sleepPossible unnoticed impurityRenewal of wuduValid seclusionPossibility of marital relationsFull dower and waiting periodQualifying travelVariable hardshipConcessions on prayer and fasting

Each case substitutes an observable criterion for an inward or difficult-to-prove fact. The substitution, however, remains limited to the rulings specified by the juristic rule. Their different prerequisites and legal effects cannot simply be transferred from one example to another.