If the boundary is not an independent item but part of the thing under discussion, the textbook explains a case for including it. Elbows and ankles illustrate this principle.
«فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ»
Wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows.
In this excerpt from Qur’an 5:6, al-marafiq are the elbows. Because an elbow is not an independent item detached from the arm, the book’s method includes it in the washing. The nature of the endpoint matters.
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Particles of Meaning: Aw, Hatta, Ila, Ala, Fi and Ba
If the boundary is not an independent item but part of the thing under discussion, the textbook explains a case for including it. Elbows and ankles illustrate this principle.
«فَاغْسِلُوا وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ»
Wash your faces and your hands up to the elbows.
In this excerpt from Qur’an 5:6, al-marafiq are the elbows. Because an elbow is not an independent item detached from the arm, the book’s method includes it in the washing. The nature of the endpoint matters.