LessonsPerformance and Substitution: Complete and Deficient Adāʾ and QaḍāʾQuiz

فالكامل منه: تسليم مثل الواجب صورة ومعنى
Complete qaḍāʾ delivers an equivalent corresponding to the obligation in both form and substantive quality.

For fungible goods, an equivalent can be defined by kind, quantity, and established standard. If a specified weight of wheat of a certain grade was destroyed, replacing it with the same weight and grade is the basic example.

A distinctive animal or other nonfungible item may have no substitute matching its individually significant characteristics. Equal numbers alone therefore do not establish complete replacement.

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Fungible property and complete replacement

Performance and Substitution: Complete and Deficient Adāʾ and Qaḍāʾ

فالكامل منه: تسليم مثل الواجب صورة ومعنى
Complete qaḍāʾ delivers an equivalent corresponding to the obligation in both form and substantive quality.

For fungible goods, an equivalent can be defined by kind, quantity, and established standard. If a specified weight of wheat of a certain grade was destroyed, replacing it with the same weight and grade is the basic example.

A distinctive animal or other nonfungible item may have no substitute matching its individually significant characteristics. Equal numbers alone therefore do not establish complete replacement.