LessonsCauses of Knowledge: Definition, Certainty and SourcesQuiz

صِفَةٌ تُوجِبُ تَمْيِيزًا لَا يَحْتَمِلُ النَّقِيضَ
An attribute producing discrimination that does not admit the contradictory.

This alternate definition stresses distinguishing knowledge and certainty. Discrimination here need not mean merely seeing two differently colored things. It can mean distinguishing a particular meaning or judgment from incompatible alternatives.

The judgment that a fixed integer cannot be both even and odd in the same respect has a different status from “perhaps it will rain today.” The first is put forward as certain; the second expresses possibility. The two definitions bring different emphases—manifestation and certain discrimination—into focus.

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A second classical definition

Causes of Knowledge: Definition, Certainty and Sources

صِفَةٌ تُوجِبُ تَمْيِيزًا لَا يَحْتَمِلُ النَّقِيضَ
An attribute producing discrimination that does not admit the contradictory.

This alternate definition stresses distinguishing knowledge and certainty. Discrimination here need not mean merely seeing two differently colored things. It can mean distinguishing a particular meaning or judgment from incompatible alternatives.

The judgment that a fixed integer cannot be both even and odd in the same respect has a different status from “perhaps it will rain today.” The first is put forward as certain; the second expresses possibility. The two definitions bring different emphases—manifestation and certain discrimination—into focus.