LessonsThe Universality of Divine Knowledge and Power: Classical ObjectionsQuiz

Unity of essence and multiplicity of possible effects are different claims. Multiple creatures do not require multiple independent deities. A single willing and powerful creator can bring about diverse contingent effects.

Rain, vegetation and human beings are distinct created realities; their variety does not entail parts in the creator's essence.

The key response distinguishes the necessary operation of an impersonal physical cause from the power of a voluntary agent. Numerical oneness of an agent does not logically limit it to one possible act.

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One divine essence, many possible effects

The Universality of Divine Knowledge and Power: Classical Objections

Unity of essence and multiplicity of possible effects are different claims. Multiple creatures do not require multiple independent deities. A single willing and powerful creator can bring about diverse contingent effects.

Rain, vegetation and human beings are distinct created realities; their variety does not entail parts in the creator's essence.

The key response distinguishes the necessary operation of an impersonal physical cause from the power of a voluntary agent. Numerical oneness of an agent does not logically limit it to one possible act.