LessonsThe Universality of Divine Knowledge and Power: Classical ObjectionsQuiz

لِأَنَّ الْجَهْلَ بِالْبَعْضِ وَالْعَجْزَ عَنِ الْبَعْضِ، نَقْصٌ وَافْتِقَارٌ إِلَى مُخَصِّصٍ
Ignorance of some things and inability concerning some things entail deficiency and dependence on a determiner.

A human knows some events and not others, and can lift some weights but not heavier ones. Such limits indicate a constrained capacity. A Necessary Existent, by contrast, cannot depend on an external specification.

The reasoning does not measure divine knowledge in human quantities; it denies creaturely limitations of knowing and acting.

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Why ignorance and incapacity signify deficiency

The Universality of Divine Knowledge and Power: Classical Objections

لِأَنَّ الْجَهْلَ بِالْبَعْضِ وَالْعَجْزَ عَنِ الْبَعْضِ، نَقْصٌ وَافْتِقَارٌ إِلَى مُخَصِّصٍ
Ignorance of some things and inability concerning some things entail deficiency and dependence on a determiner.

A human knows some events and not others, and can lift some weights but not heavier ones. Such limits indicate a constrained capacity. A Necessary Existent, by contrast, cannot depend on an external specification.

The reasoning does not measure divine knowledge in human quantities; it denies creaturely limitations of knowing and acting.