Verses 70–73 repeat one challenge in varying forms: a-ʿalaynā ...? / am ʿalaynā ...?. These questions are not requests for information but protests against unjust transfer of blame.
ExpressionGroupArgumentJunāḥKindaSpoils versus penaltyJarāIyādCarrying another’s offenceJanāyāBanū ʿAtīqResponsibility for treachery
The image nīṭa bi-jawz al-maḥmil al-aʿbāʾ turns guilt into physical baggage: a burden of blame.
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al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah: Covenant, Tribal Liability and Royal Testimony — Conclusion (verses 68–82)
Verses 70–73 repeat one challenge in varying forms: a-ʿalaynā ...? / am ʿalaynā ...?. These questions are not requests for information but protests against unjust transfer of blame.
ExpressionGroupArgumentJunāḥKindaSpoils versus penaltyJarāIyādCarrying another’s offenceJanāyāBanū ʿAtīqResponsibility for treachery
The image nīṭa bi-jawz al-maḥmil al-aʿbāʾ turns guilt into physical baggage: a burden of blame.