ExpressionOptionConsequenceIn nabashtumReopen old conflictsThe dead and living are implicatedAw naqashtumExamine closelyHarm or vindication may followAw sakattumRemain silentPain persists withinAw manaʿtumRefuseA superiority claim is challenged
The four clauses create a structured challenge: whichever path the opposition chooses, its implications must be confronted.
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al-Ḥārith ibn Ḥillizah: Royal Praise, Tribal Disputes and Memories of War (verses 27–36)
ExpressionOptionConsequenceIn nabashtumReopen old conflictsThe dead and living are implicatedAw naqashtumExamine closelyHarm or vindication may followAw sakattumRemain silentPain persists withinAw manaʿtumRefuseA superiority claim is challenged
The four clauses create a structured challenge: whichever path the opposition chooses, its implications must be confronted.