LessonsClassifying Metaphor by Its Terms and Common Feature: Concordance, Opposition and InclusionQuiz

والاستعارة التي يمكن اجتماع طرفيها في شيء وفاقية ... وللقسم ... عنادية
The terms that can coexist yield concordance; those that cannot yield opposition.

These are technical labels about the logical relation of the two relevant notions, not about friendship and hostility or about moral approval. A morally positive context might still employ an opposing figure; an unpleasant context might employ a concordant one.

The common mistake is to equate wifāqiyyah with a “good simile” and ʿinādiyyah with a “bad simile.” The proper question is whether the two intended states can be true of one subject in the same relevant respect.

Opening interactive controls...

Why these are technical labels

Classifying Metaphor by Its Terms and Common Feature: Concordance, Opposition and Inclusion

والاستعارة التي يمكن اجتماع طرفيها في شيء وفاقية ... وللقسم ... عنادية
The terms that can coexist yield concordance; those that cannot yield opposition.

These are technical labels about the logical relation of the two relevant notions, not about friendship and hostility or about moral approval. A morally positive context might still employ an opposing figure; an unpleasant context might employ a concordant one.

The common mistake is to equate wifāqiyyah with a “good simile” and ʿinādiyyah with a “bad simile.” The proper question is whether the two intended states can be true of one subject in the same relevant respect.