Four stages help analyze difficult cases.
1. Expression: Which word appears and what is its ordinary signification?
2. Intended content: Which concept or scene does the audience understand?
3. Predication: Is a special property being attributed to something that lacks it literally?
4. Theory: Does the commentator locate the figure in a word or in an imagined attribution?
For “the claws of death,” identifying “death” and “claws” separately precedes classifying the image as implicit, imaginative, or—under a specific analysis—explicit metaphor involving the term “claws.”