In each example, identify both the indicator and the indicated matter, then explain the ground of the relation.
1. “Insān” conveys its whole sense “ḥayawān nāṭiq”: correspondence, because the complete assigned meaning is understood.
2. “Insān” conveys “nāṭiq”: inclusion, because that component is inside the given essential definition.
3. “Insān” conveys the capacity for laughter as its characteristic property: implication, because this is an external concomitant.
4. A standardized road symbol conveys an established instruction: nonverbal conventional indication, because the sign is not a spoken word.
The first three analyze the scope of a word's meaning. The fourth identifies the nature of a sign and the basis of its significance.