LessonsIstiʿārah: Definition, Figurative Identification and the Linguistic–Intellectual DebateQuiz

فاللفظ الواحد بالنسبة إلى المعنى الواحد قد يكون استعارة وقد يكون مجازا مرسلا
One expression, even with the same apparent target, can be analyzed as metaphor or mursal depending on the intended relation.

The classification does not attach automatically to the letters or to the external object. It depends on the semantic connection intended by the speaker. In the lip example, similarity gives metaphor; a restricted-to-general move belongs to another kind of relation.

Intended relationClassification
Perceptual or intelligible resemblanceMetaphor
Restricted/general or another non-similarity connectionMajāz mursal

The table explains why contextual intention must be established before applying a label.

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One expression can admit different figurative analyses

Istiʿārah: Definition, Figurative Identification and the Linguistic–Intellectual Debate

فاللفظ الواحد بالنسبة إلى المعنى الواحد قد يكون استعارة وقد يكون مجازا مرسلا
One expression, even with the same apparent target, can be analyzed as metaphor or mursal depending on the intended relation.

The classification does not attach automatically to the letters or to the external object. It depends on the semantic connection intended by the speaker. In the lip example, similarity gives metaphor; a restricted-to-general move belongs to another kind of relation.

Intended relationClassification
Perceptual or intelligible resemblanceMetaphor
Restricted/general or another non-similarity connectionMajāz mursal

The table explains why contextual intention must be established before applying a label.