Istiʿārah: Definition, Figurative Identification and the Linguistic–Intellectual Debate

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

• What additional condition is essential for classifying a use as metaphor?
• How is mishfar classified when used for a human lip on the basis of likeness?
• If mishfar is used for lip generally by removing its camel-related restriction, what is the first analytic question?
• Why might the same word and apparent target allow mursal or metaphorical analyses?
• In istiʿārah ḥaqīqiyyah, to what does the qualifier primarily refer?
• If asad in “ladayya asad” means a brave person, what is the mustaʿār lahu?
• Why is the intended right religion described as intelligible in the straight-path figure?
• What is the central analytic question when comparing intensive simile and metaphor in “Zayd is a lion”?
• What is the majority position in the linguistic-versus-intellectual dispute?
• What makes “I saw a lion shooting” an example of lexical transfer for the majority?
• What is the difference between calling Zayd “human” and “lion”?
• How does the intellectual account understand including a brave man among lions?
• What problem follows if mere adoption of a name counts as metaphor?
• What does the rhetorical jaʿala mean in “he made him a lion”?
• How can metaphor exceed ordinary simile in rhetorical force on the intellectual account?
• What must be distinguished in a predicative phrase such as “he was a lion”?
• What produces the poetic surprise of “a sun shading me from the sun”?
• What is correct about the poetic sun and moon metaphors?
• What chiefly distinguishes metaphor from a false assertion?
• How do shooting and courage function differently in “I saw a lion shooting”?
• Why can “Ḥātim” designate another person in “I saw a Ḥātim today”?
• What trait is invoked by metaphorically calling someone “Saḥbān”?
• What distinguishes a proper name from a general class term?
• What can a word such as “today” contribute in the Ḥātim example?
• Must the indication of a metaphor always be a separate word?
• How can several clues cooperate within a metaphorical passage?
• What is the rhetorical importance of “five” in “five clouds”?
• How should an image combining swords and thunderbolt-like brilliance be analyzed?
• What is an appropriate order for analyzing a new metaphor?
• Resemblance alone suffices for metaphor even if it did not motivate the speaker’s expression.
• A target in a “real” metaphor may be an actual person while the borrowed word remains figurative.
• The majority classify “asad” for a brave person as linguistic majāz.
• In the intellectual theory, a brave person biologically becomes a predatory lion.
• The contextual indicator and resemblance relation have exactly the same function in metaphor.
• Several contextual indications may cooperate to explain a metaphorical poem.