LessonsMuzāwajah, ʿAks, Rujūʿ, Tawriyah and IstikhdāmQuiz

1. ʿĀdāt al-sādāt sādāt al-ʿādāt — the iḍāfah relation is reversed: ʿaks.
2. Qif bi-al-diyār ... balā wa-ghayyarahā al-arwāḥ wa-al-diyam — the earlier claim is withdrawn: rujūʿ.
3. Al-samāʾ ... raʿaynāhu — rain is named, but the pronoun refers to pasture: istikhdām.
4. A conspicuous near sense masks an intended remote sense — tawriyah, provided a genuine contextual indication supports it.

The next topic, al-laff wa-al-nashr, starts by listing several things and then distributing corresponding information to them, either expressly or in an aggregated way. Its organizing principle is different from muzāwajah or ʿaks.

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Worked classifications and transition

Muzāwajah, ʿAks, Rujūʿ, Tawriyah and Istikhdām

1. ʿĀdāt al-sādāt sādāt al-ʿādāt — the iḍāfah relation is reversed: ʿaks.
2. Qif bi-al-diyār ... balā wa-ghayyarahā al-arwāḥ wa-al-diyam — the earlier claim is withdrawn: rujūʿ.
3. Al-samāʾ ... raʿaynāhu — rain is named, but the pronoun refers to pasture: istikhdām.
4. A conspicuous near sense masks an intended remote sense — tawriyah, provided a genuine contextual indication supports it.

The next topic, al-laff wa-al-nashr, starts by listing several things and then distributing corresponding information to them, either expressly or in an aggregated way. Its organizing principle is different from muzāwajah or ʿaks.