We can discuss a particle on two levels. First, its use in a particular sentence: what precisely is related to what? Second, the general relation analysts name, for example, “containment.”
A name for a general relation can be conceived separately, but a particle used in speech depends on its attachments. Mixing these levels obscures the classification.
Accordingly, one account first metaphorically transfers the relational content or what the particle connects and then regards the particle's actual use as dependent on that transfer.