Once a thought or wording passes into another poet's composition, the next question is whether the new form is more eloquent, equal, or weaker than the earlier one. This leads to the next classifications.
The present foundations are established: a common purpose is not proof of theft; distinctive indication deserves more scrutiny; overt taking requires comparison of thought and wording; and copying the full arrangement with a claim of authorship is the clearest naskh/intihāl case.
The next heading is الإغارة والمسخ, which further examines transformation and rhetorical quality.