الاقتباس — التضمين — العقد — الحل
Iqtibās, taḍmīn, ʿaqd and ḥall.
Iqtibās integrates Qurʾanic or Prophetic wording into a new composition; taḍmīn incorporates another poet’s verbal material. ʿAqd turns prose into verse; ḥall converts verse into prose.
An explicit “God says” citation should be distinguished from literary iqtibās. Likewise taking only the idea of an earlier poem is not automatically taḍmīn; incorporation of poetic wording and appropriate acknowledgment matter.