Workshop decision grid: transformation and allusion

Supplementary Integrated Rhetoric Workshop: Text Analysis, Stylistic Revision and Worked Applications

Source/actionDistinguishing formTechnical direction
Presenting an earlier line as one’s ownVerbatim appropriationPossible naskh/intihāl
Taking a distinctive idea in new wordsBorrowing meaningIlmām/salkh if proven
Incorporating Qur’anic/Hadith languageSacred textIqtibās
Including part of another poemPoetic textTaḍmīn
Prose ↔ verseChange of literary formʿAqd / ḥall
Briefly evoking a story or proverbHintingTalmīḥ

Distinguish a technical category from an allegation against a historical poet. Invented exercises are not evidence of real-world borrowing.