These three devices may all convey something beyond a surface reading, but they work differently.
DeviceDefining feature
MetaphorA word is borrowed for another thing on the basis of resemblance
KināyahA related sense is intended without excluding the possibility of literal intent
TajrīdA second image or instance is figuratively drawn from a person to magnify a quality
Although these devices are associated with simile, they cannot all be reduced to the same technical category. Proper analysis must consider the word's use, intended meaning, and how each side of the resemblance is expressed.