LessonsThree Types of Kināyah: Referent, Attribute, and AttributionQuiz

“Many ashes in Zayd’s courtyard” illustrates two levels: ashes imply generosity; the courtyard then links that generosity to Zayd.

A one-dimensional reading as only attribute-kināyah misses the attribution to Zayd. An equally incomplete reading as only attribution-kināyah misses the inference from ashes to generosity.

A sound analysis states the target of each separate operation.

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Two levels in the same expression

Three Types of Kināyah: Referent, Attribute, and Attribution

“Many ashes in Zayd’s courtyard” illustrates two levels: ashes imply generosity; the courtyard then links that generosity to Zayd.

A one-dimensional reading as only attribute-kināyah misses the attribution to Zayd. An equally incomplete reading as only attribution-kināyah misses the inference from ashes to generosity.

A sound analysis states the target of each separate operation.