LessonsTruth and Falsehood in Reports: The Majority, al-Naẓẓām and al-JāḥiẓQuiz

Belief here is a definite mental judgment regarding the state asserted or denied. Uncertainty, quoting someone else, asking a question and holding a settled belief should not be treated alike.

If a person does not know whether Zayd arrived, it is not automatically established that the report corresponds to a held belief. Nor is a mere intention to speak correctly an adequate substitute for the technical condition. The source subsequently discusses the cases in which belief is absent.

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What counts as belief in the second account

Truth and Falsehood in Reports: The Majority, al-Naẓẓām and al-Jāḥiẓ

Belief here is a definite mental judgment regarding the state asserted or denied. Uncertainty, quoting someone else, asking a question and holding a settled belief should not be treated alike.

If a person does not know whether Zayd arrived, it is not automatically established that the report corresponds to a held belief. Nor is a mere intention to speak correctly an adequate substitute for the technical condition. The source subsequently discusses the cases in which belief is absent.