عِنْدِي لِتْرٌ مَاءً
I have a litre of water. مَاءً tells what the litre contains.
اِشْتَرَى خَالِدٌ عِشْرِينَ كِتَابًا
Khalid bought twenty books. كِتَابًا tells what was counted.
مُحَمَّدٌ أَكْثَرُ عِلْمًا
Muhammad is more knowledgeable. عِلْمًا tells the respect in which he has more.
These extra practice examples reinforce the same rule.