● Changing the pronoun vowel to kasrah: If هُمَا, هُمْ, or هُنَّ follows a kasrah or a silent yāʾ, its ḍammah changes to kasrah for easier pronunciation. They are read as هِمَا, هِمْ, and هِنَّ, as in بِهِمَا, بِهِمْ, بِهِنَّ, عَلَيْهِمَا, عَلَيْهِمْ, and عَلَيْهِنَّ.
● First-person singular yāʾ (yāʾ al-mutakallim), ـي: This pronoun requires a kasrah on the preceding letter, so the form appears the same in all three grammatical cases, as in كِتَابِي.
● Dropping the final nūn of dual and plural forms: When a dual or sound masculine plural becomes a muḍāf, its final nūn is dropped, and a fatḥah appears on the alif or silent yāʾ before the first-person singular yāʾ. For example: كِتَابَا + ي -> كِتَابَايَ, 'my two books,' and بَنُونَ + ي -> بَنِيَّ, 'my sons.'
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Spelling Rules for Dual, Plural, and First-Person Pronouns
Using Attached Pronouns as the Muḍāf Ilayh and Their Spelling Rules
● Changing the pronoun vowel to kasrah: If هُمَا, هُمْ, or هُنَّ follows a kasrah or a silent yāʾ, its ḍammah changes to kasrah for easier pronunciation. They are read as هِمَا, هِمْ, and هِنَّ, as in بِهِمَا, بِهِمْ, بِهِنَّ, عَلَيْهِمَا, عَلَيْهِمْ, and عَلَيْهِنَّ.
● First-person singular yāʾ (yāʾ al-mutakallim), ـي: This pronoun requires a kasrah on the preceding letter, so the form appears the same in all three grammatical cases, as in كِتَابِي.
● Dropping the final nūn of dual and plural forms: When a dual or sound masculine plural becomes a muḍāf, its final nūn is dropped, and a fatḥah appears on the alif or silent yāʾ before the first-person singular yāʾ. For example: كِتَابَا + ي -> كِتَابَايَ, 'my two books,' and بَنُونَ + ي -> بَنِيَّ, 'my sons.'