The Three Forms in This Lesson

Vocative Particles and Forms

Choose the form according to the type of the vocative noun.

Type of vocative noun
What changes
Model

single definite noun or specifically intended indefinite noun
remove tanwin if present; use the fixed nominative form
يَا زَيْدُ

definite noun with الـ
insert أَيُّهَا or أَيَّتُهَا
يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّجُلُ

iḍāfah
make the first word accusative
يَا عَبْدَ اللَّهِ