الْبَيِّنَةُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعِي وَالْيَمِينُ عَلَى الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ
Evidence is the responsibility of the claimant, and the oath concerns the person against whom the claim is made.
Source: Tirmidhi.
Arabic word or phraseMeaning
الْبَيِّنَةُevidence; proof
الْمُدَّعِيthe claimant
وَالْيَمِينُand the oath; here, an oath concerning the truth of a statement
الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِthe person against whom the claim is made
A claim states a right or demand concerning another person. عَلَى here expresses responsibility. In الْمُدَّعَى عَلَيْهِ, عَلَيْهِ means “against/upon him.” الْيَمِينُ here means an oath, not the right hand.
This short principle identifies roles and their relationships, not a complete procedure for every case. It does not teach that every accusation necessarily triggers an oath or that an oath automatically clears every person.