Minor: Every fly is an insect.
Major: No bird is an insect.
Conclusion: No fly is a bird.
Minor term: fly.
Major term: bird.
Middle: insect.
“Insect” is predicate in both premises. The minor is universal affirmative, the major universal negative, and the conclusion universal negative. Valid entailment is distinct from, and in sound reasoning combined with, true premises.
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The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods
Minor: Every fly is an insect.
Major: No bird is an insect.
Conclusion: No fly is a bird.
Minor term: fly.
Major term: bird.
Middle: insect.
“Insect” is predicate in both premises. The minor is universal affirmative, the major universal negative, and the conclusion universal negative. Valid entailment is distinct from, and in sound reasoning combined with, true premises.