LessonsThe Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive MoodsQuiz

Minor: Some objects are not metals.
Major: Every copper object is a metal.
Conclusion: Some objects are not copper objects.

Middle: metal.
Minor: object.
Major: copper object.

The minor identifies some objects outside the metal class. The major includes all copper objects within metals. Objects outside metals cannot be copper objects, which is the relevant inference.

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Mood 4: a worked example

The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

Minor: Some objects are not metals.
Major: Every copper object is a metal.
Conclusion: Some objects are not copper objects.

Middle: metal.
Minor: object.
Major: copper object.

The minor identifies some objects outside the metal class. The major includes all copper objects within metals. Objects outside metals cannot be copper objects, which is the relevant inference.