LessonsThe Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive MoodsQuiz

Minor: Some trees are fruit-bearing.
Major: Some plants are not fruit-bearing.
Proposed conclusion: Some trees are not plants.

The common predicate is “fruit-bearing,” so the arrangement is second figure. The minor is particular affirmative and the major particular negative; qualities differ. But the major is particular, so the necessary productive condition fails.

The fact that some plants bear no fruit does not determine whether any fruit-bearing trees are plants. The conclusion is not entailed.

Opening interactive controls...

Worked case: right figure, wrong mood

The Second Figure: Conditions of Validity and Four Productive Moods

Minor: Some trees are fruit-bearing.
Major: Some plants are not fruit-bearing.
Proposed conclusion: Some trees are not plants.

The common predicate is “fruit-bearing,” so the arrangement is second figure. The minor is particular affirmative and the major particular negative; qualities differ. But the major is particular, so the necessary productive condition fails.

The fact that some plants bear no fruit does not determine whether any fruit-bearing trees are plants. The conclusion is not entailed.