For an integer, all four hold:
1. Even -> not odd.
2. Odd -> not even.
3. Not even -> odd.
4. Not odd -> even.
They work because the two alternatives are both exclusive and exhaustive. Mere use of the word “or” does not guarantee both properties.
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Four valid outcomes for haqiqiyyah
Types of Qiyas: Istithna’i and Iqtirani
For an integer, all four hold:
1. Even -> not odd.
2. Odd -> not even.
3. Not even -> odd.
4. Not odd -> even.
They work because the two alternatives are both exclusive and exhaustive. Mere use of the word “or” does not guarantee both properties.