Worked practice: six classifications

Universal and Particular — Definitions and Practical Classification

Classify each expression and notice the reason.
1. 'Bird': universal; it fits many birds.
2. 'This bird': particular when one bird is pointed out.
3. 'Teacher': universal; many people may qualify.
4. 'Zayd': particular when one specific Zayd is intended.
5. 'Pen': universal; many pens fit the concept.
6. 'This pen': particular when one pen is identified.
Every decision rests on shared applicability versus specified reference.