Foundations of Tajweed, Recitation Errors and Opening Etiquette

Read-only question overview. Answers and scoring remain inside authenticated learner attempts.

Which two aspects form the core of Tajweed?
What is meant by makhraj?
Required heaviness or lightness of a letter is primarily a matter of what?
What changes when ث is pronounced as س?
Reading a fathah instead of the dammah on د in الْحَمْدُ is which kind of error?
Why is adding an absent consonant to a Qur’anic word an error?
What does shaddah principally require?
Which statement about a consonant with sukun is correct?
If ra remains ra but its required heaviness or lightness is wrong, what type of error is illustrated?
What is the operative distinction between lahn jali and lahn khafi?
Which method best supports practical correction?
What is the primary purpose of istiʿadhah?
How does basmalah differ from istiʿadhah?
What is the normal order when beginning an ordinary surah from its first verse?
Which surah does not begin with basmalah?
How is basmalah described when beginning a new session inside a surah?
What is taught about istiʿadhah when starting from an internal verse?
During continuous recitation, what precedes the beginning of the next ordinary surah?
If the consonants are correct but the al-Tawbah opening exception is unknown, what is missing?
If someone substitutes س for ث and misapplies the lightness of ra, how are the errors classified?
Why is wrong vocalization of the basmalah a problem?
Which action changes a finer pronunciation quality rather than replacing the underlying consonant?
When choosing the opening formula, what should be determined first?
Which statement best describes the purpose of Tajweed?
Lahn jali occurs only when an entire word is omitted.
Reading ث as س is not merely a different accent on the same Arabic consonant.
The opening of Surat al-Tawbah is treated like an ordinary surah opening with basmalah.
For an internal start, istiʿadhah and basmalah are simply two names for one formula.