ج: jahr, shiddah, istifāl, infitāḥ, qalqalah; unlike shīn’s spreading fricative quality. ح: hams and rikhāwah with a low tongue and open articulation.
خ: hams, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ, infitāḥ; distinguish it from ḥāʾ. د: jahr, shiddah, istifāl, infitāḥ, qalqalah; distinguish it from breathy tāʾ. Slowly compare أَجْ، أَحْ، أَخْ، أَدْ.
Opening interactive controls...
Chart entries 5–8: jīm, ḥāʾ, khāʾ, dāl
Letter-by-Letter Qualities and Distinguishing Features
ج: jahr, shiddah, istifāl, infitāḥ, qalqalah; unlike shīn’s spreading fricative quality. ح: hams and rikhāwah with a low tongue and open articulation.
خ: hams, rikhāwah, istiʿlāʾ, infitāḥ; distinguish it from ḥāʾ. د: jahr, shiddah, istifāl, infitāḥ, qalqalah; distinguish it from breathy tāʾ. Slowly compare أَجْ، أَحْ، أَخْ، أَدْ.