عَلَّمَ ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ مَا لَمْ يَعْلَمْ ٥
Sentence structure
عَلَّمَ takes ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ as object. Relative مَا is a further object and لَمْ يَعْلَمْ its negative relative clause.
Ayah summary
He taught the human being what he did not know.
عَلَّمَ — He taught
Grammar: A Form II perfect with understood subject.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنَ — the human
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative object.
مَا — what
Grammar: A relative noun functioning as an object; its clause follows.
لَمْ — did not
Grammar: A negative particle that jussivizes the following imperfect.
يَعْلَمْ — he knew
Grammar: A third-person masculine-singular imperfect, jussive after لَمْ, with understood subject.