وَمَا تَفَرَّقَ ٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ …
Sentence structure
مَا negates Form V تَفَرَّقَ. ٱلَّذِينَ is subject; passive أُوتُوا۟ is its relative clause and ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ its object.
Ayah summary
The People of the Book fell into division after the clear proof came to them.
وَمَا — And not
Grammar: وَ resumes and مَا negates the following perfect.
تَفَرَّقَ — became divided
Grammar: A Form V third-person masculine-singular perfect.
ٱلَّذِينَ — those who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative noun functioning as subject.
أُوتُوا۟ — were given
Grammar: A Form IV masculine-plural passive perfect; attached وا is deputy subject.
ٱلْكِتَـٰبَ — the Scripture
Grammar: A defined masculine accusative noun; with passive أُوتُوا۟, it remains the second object.