وَثَمُودَ ٱلَّذِينَ جَابُوا۟ ٱلصَّخْرَ بِٱلْوَادِ
Sentence structure
وَثَمُودَ is coordinated with the preceding peoples. ٱلَّذِينَ describes them; جَابُوا۟ is its relative-clause verb, attached و the subject, and ٱلصَّخْرَ the object.
Ayah summary
And Thamud carved homes out of the rocks in the valley.
وَثَمُودَ — And Thamud
Grammar: وَ coordinates; ثَمُودَ is a proper noun coordinated in the genitive position and marked with fatḥah because it is diptote.
ٱلَّذِينَ — who
Grammar: A masculine-plural relative pronoun describing Thamud; the following clause is its relative clause.
جَابُوا۟ — carved out
Grammar: A third-person masculine-plural perfect; attached و is the subject.
ٱلصَّخْرَ — the rocks
Grammar: ٱل defines the masculine accusative object صَّخْرَ.
بِٱلْوَادِ — in the valley
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, ٱل the definite article, and وَادِ its genitive masculine noun. This phrase is linked to «جَابُوا۟».