فَأَمَّا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِذَا مَا ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ فَأَكْرَمَهُۥ وَنَعَّمَهُۥ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّىٓ أَكْرَمَنِ
Sentence structure
فَأَمَّا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ begins a detailed topic. إِذَا مَا ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ رَبُّهُۥ is the time clause; فَيَقُولُ introduces its result, and رَبِّىٓ أَكْرَمَنِ is the quoted statement.
Ayah summary
A person mistakes the trial of prosperity for personal honour.
فَأَمَّا — And as for
Grammar: فَ resumes and أَمَّا is a particle of condition and detail whose response is marked by the later fā.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man
Grammar: ٱل defines the masculine nominative topic of the detailed clause.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A non-governing time/condition adverb introducing the trial clause. This expression has an adverbial predicate relation with «ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ».
مَا — does
Grammar: An extra/emphatic particle after إِذَا; it has no independent syntactic government here.
ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ — try him
Grammar: A Form VIII third-person masculine-singular perfect; attached هُ is the object and the next noun is its subject.
رَبُّهُۥ — his Lord
Grammar: رَبُّ is the nominative subject of ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ; attached هُۥ is a genitive possessor.
فَأَكْرَمَهُۥ — and is generous to him
Grammar: فَ coordinates/results; أَكْرَمَ is a Form IV perfect with understood subject هُوَ, and attached هُۥ is the object.
وَنَعَّمَهُۥ — and favors him
Grammar: وَ coordinates; نَعَّمَ is a Form II perfect with understood subject, and attached هُۥ is the object.
فَيَقُولُ — he says
Grammar: فَ marks the response/result; يَقُولُ is a third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject هُوَ.
رَبِّىٓ — My Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is a noun in the quoted nominal clause; attached ى is a genitive possessor, with the case ending estimated before it.
أَكْرَمَنِ — has honored me
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ; attached نِ protects the verb and ى is the object.