وَأَمَّآ إِذَا مَا ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُۥ فَيَقُولُ رَبِّىٓ أَهَـٰنَنِ
Sentence structure
وَأَمَّآ introduces the matching second case. إِذَا مَا ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ is the time clause; فَقَدَرَ عَلَيْهِ رِزْقَهُۥ continues it, and فَيَقُولُ رَبِّىٓ أَهَـٰنَنِ is its result and quotation.
Ayah summary
And he mistakes the trial of restricted provision for personal humiliation.
وَأَمَّآ — But
Grammar: وَ coordinates and أَمَّا introduces the second detailed condition.
إِذَا — when
Grammar: A non-governing time/condition adverb introducing the trial clause. This adverbial expression relates to «أَمَّآ».
مَا — does
Grammar: An extra/emphatic particle after إِذَا, without independent government here.
ٱبْتَلَىٰهُ — He try him
Grammar: A Form VIII third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ and attached هُ as object.
فَقَدَرَ — and restricts
Grammar: فَ coordinates/results; قَدَرَ is a third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject هُوَ.
عَلَيْهِ — for him
Grammar: عَلَىٰ is a preposition and attached هِ a masculine-singular pronoun in the genitive position. This phrase is linked to «قَدَرَ».
رِزْقَهُۥ — his provision
Grammar: رِزْقَ is the accusative object of قَدَرَ; attached هُۥ is a genitive possessor.
فَيَقُولُ — then he says
Grammar: فَ marks the response; يَقُولُ is a third-person masculine-singular indicative imperfect with understood subject.
رَبِّىٓ — My Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is a noun in the quoted nominal clause; attached ى is a genitive possessor.
أَهَـٰنَنِ — (has) humiliated me
Grammar: A Form IV third-person masculine-singular perfect with understood subject; نِ is protective nūn and the estimated/omitted ى is the object.