يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ مَا غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ ٱلْكَرِيمِ
Sentence structure
The ayah begins with a vocative. Interrogative مَا is the topic and the clause غَرَّكَ بِرَبِّكَ its predicate; ٱلْكَرِيمِ describes رَبِّكَ.
Ayah summary
A person must not take the Lord’s forbearance and generosity as a licence to disobey; He is also just and wise.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا — O
Grammar: يَا is the vocative particle; أَيُّ is a vocative noun built on ḍamma in the accusative position; هَا is a particle of attention.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — man
Grammar: A definite nominative noun functioning as an apposition (عطف بيان) or substitute (بدل) to أَيُّ.
مَا — What
Grammar: An interrogative pronoun functioning as the topic; the following verbal clause is its predicate.
غَرَّكَ — has deceived you
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb. Its understood subject returns to interrogative مَا, while attached كَ is the object.
بِرَبِّكَ — concerning your Lord
Grammar: بِ is a preposition, رَبِّ its genitive noun, and attached كَ the genitive possessor.
ٱلْكَرِيمِ — the Most Noble
Grammar: A definite genitive adjective describing رَبِّكَ.