يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ إِنَّكَ كَادِحٌ إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ كَدْحًۭا فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ
Sentence structure
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ is a vocative. Attached كَ is the noun of إِنَّ and كَادِحٌ its predicate. إِلَىٰ رَبِّكَ is linked to it and كَدْحًا is a cognate accusative. فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ contains an active participle and an attached pronoun whose exact case and referent have accepted analyses.
Ayah summary
Every person will labour in good or evil until meeting the Lord and facing the result of their deeds.
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا — O
Grammar: يَا is the vocative particle, أَيُّ the addressed noun built on ḍamma in the accusative position, and هَا a particle of attention.
ٱلْإِنسَـٰنُ — mankind
Grammar: ٱل is the definite article; إِنسَـٰنُ is a nominative explanatory apposition to أَيُّ.
إِنَّكَ — Indeed, you
Grammar: إِنَّ is accusative and emphatic; attached كَ is its accusative noun.
كَادِحٌ — (are) laboring
Grammar: An active participle functioning as the nominative predicate of إِنَّ.
إِلَىٰ — to
Grammar: A preposition linked to كَادِحٌ.
رَبِّكَ — your Lord
Grammar: رَبِّ is genitive after إِلَىٰ and attached كَ its genitive possessor.
كَدْحًۭا — (with) exertion
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning as a cognate accusative to كَادِحٌ.
فَمُلَـٰقِيهِ — then you will meet him/it
Grammar: فَ links the result; مُلَـٰقِي is an active participle and هِ an attached pronoun. It may be genitive by annexation or accusative as the participle's object, so neither case nor referent is scored.