رَّبِّ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ۖ لَا يَمْلِكُونَ مِنْهُ خِطَابًا
Sentence structure
The first phrase further identifies رَبِّكَ in the preceding ayah: He is Lord of the heavens, the earth, and whatever lies between them—the Most Merciful. A new clause then states that they possess no right to address Him.
رَّبِّ — Lord
Grammar: A masculine genitive noun in apposition to رَبِّكَ in ayah 36; it is also مضاف.
ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ — of the heavens
Grammar: A definite feminine plural genitive noun and the مضاف إليه of رَّبِّ.
وَٱلْأَرْضِ — and the earth
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. ٱلْأَرْضِ is a definite feminine genitive noun coordinated with ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ.
وَمَا — and whatever
Grammar: وَ links another part of the possessive phrase. مَا is an invariable relative pronoun.
بَيْنَهُمَا — is between them both
Grammar: بَيْنَ is an accusative locative adverb and مضاف. The attached dual pronoun هُمَا is its مضاف إليه and refers to the heavens and earth.
ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنِ ۖ — the Most Merciful
Grammar: A definite masculine singular genitive noun in apposition to رَبِّكَ.
لَا — not
Grammar: A particle negating the following imperfect verb.
يَمْلِكُونَ — they possess
Grammar: A third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative.
مِنْهُ — from Him
Grammar: مِنْ is a preposition and هُ a third-person masculine singular genitive pronoun. The phrase is linked to يَمْلِكُونَ.
خِطَابًۭا — any address
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of يَمْلِكُونَ.