يَوْمَ يَقُومُ ٱلرُّوحُ وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ صَفًّا ۖ لَّا يَتَكَلَّمُونَ إِلَّا مَنْ أَذِنَ لَهُ ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ وَقَالَ صَوَابًا
Sentence structure
يَوْمَ introduces the time when the Spirit and angels will stand in rows. None will speak except the one whom the Most Merciful permits and who speaks correctly.
يَوْمَ — the Day when
Grammar: An accusative adverb of time. The following verbal clause specifies that day.
يَقُومُ — will stand
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular imperfect verb; its explicit subject follows.
ٱلرُّوحُ — the Spirit
Grammar: A definite masculine nominative noun and the subject of يَقُومُ.
وَٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ — and the angels
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. ٱلْمَلَـٰٓئِكَةُ is a definite nominative plural noun coordinated with ٱلرُّوحُ.
صَفًّۭا ۖ — in rows
Grammar: An indefinite accusative verbal noun functioning circumstantially as حال and describing how they stand.
لَّا — not
Grammar: A particle negating the following imperfect verb.
يَتَكَلَّمُونَ — they will speak
Grammar: A form V, third-person masculine plural imperfect verb and one of the five verbs. “و” is wāw al-jamāʿah: an attached subject pronoun. The final “نَ” is the indicative nūn; its retention marks the verb as indicative.
إِلَّا — except
Grammar: A particle of exception introducing the permitted person.
مَنْ — the one whom
Grammar: An invariable relative pronoun forming the exception; its relative clause begins with أَذِنَ.
أَذِنَ — permitted
Grammar: A third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its explicit subject is ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ.
لَهُ — for him
Grammar: لَ is a preposition and هُ a third-person masculine singular pronoun in the genitive position. The phrase is linked to أَذِنَ.
ٱلرَّحْمَـٰنُ — the Most Merciful
Grammar: A definite masculine singular nominative noun and the subject of أَذِنَ.
وَقَالَ — and he spoke
Grammar: وَ is a conjunction. قَالَ is a third-person masculine singular perfect verb; its understood subject هُوَ refers to the permitted person.
صَوَابًۭا — what is correct
Grammar: An indefinite masculine accusative noun and the object of قَالَ.